viernes, 13 de marzo de 2015

How and where to see the solar eclipse of March 20

http://www.huffingtonpost.es/2015/03/07/eclipse-solar-20-marzo-2015_n_6815040.html?utm_hp_ref=spain&ir=Spain

traducida por Federico Dilla

propuesta y cedida por Mª Angeles Dominguez Santalla





How and where to see the solar eclipse of March 20, 2015
THE HUFFINGTON POST | By Elena Santos and Margarita Lázaro

We had been waiting 10 years to enjoy a phenomenon well in Spain. The March 20 may see a solar eclipse from anywhere in the Spanish territory. It will be the first of this decade, because since October 3, 2005 is not enjoyed such a phenomenon in our country, when an annular eclipse crossed the peninsula Ibéricadejando amazing images. There was another in 1999, especially famous for being the last total eclipse of the millennium.

This time the eclipse will be partial. This means that the Moon does not completely clog the solar disk. In no time we will stay dark. It will not be so obvious, but you can see safely. How, when and where to do it are the issues resolved in this guide.

When exactly is the eclipse?

Friday March 20, 2015 will be produced and will last about two hours. It may be between 08:57 am and 11:29 hours. Everything depends on the place of Spain where it is observed. For example, in Madrid will start at 09:04 until 11:18 hours and Barcelona will be from 09:11 and runs until 11:27. "In any case, the maximum eclipse time [when the sun present most of its surface area covered by the Moon] shall be one or two minutes," says astronomer Mario Tafalla, the National Astronomical Observatory (NAO). On the website of this organization, within the section from their municipality, we may obtain information about the schedule start and end at our location, and time of maximum eclipse. Just put the zip code to get all the information of the phenomenon. This table also shows web Eclipse Mission to detail the schedule will have the phenomenon in every city of Spain.



Are you will see the same in all parts of Spain?

Assuming that the start time and end time will not be the same in Cádizque in Zaragoza, and you could say it will not be the same in all parts of Spain. It will be visible from any corner of the country (whenever weather conditions permit), but not with the same degree of intensity. The Iberian Peninsula, A Coruña province where will it look better (there will be darkening 76%), while in Almería will be 57.5%. The same happens if we turn to the islands. In the Canaries will be even less intense. In Santa Cruz de Tenerife darkening is 46.2% and in Las Palmas, 45%.

eclipse sol 20 marzo
And in the rest of Europe, what will happen?
eclipse españa
The further north you are, the intensity will be higher: in Europe the same pattern as in Spain will play. In fact, the inhabitants of the Faroe Islands and Svalbard, northern Norway, will enjoy a total eclipse. Meanwhile, in cities such as Oslo darkening will be 90% and Paris, to just over 80%. So the more we turn southeast, you will notice less. In Athens, will be 0.40%.

And if we go from Europe to Africa, the eclipse will be fading gradually to reach spots like Monrovia, where they will be appreciated. In this map, the display eclipses expert Michael Zeil (www.greatamericaneclipse.com) has yielded to The Huffington Post, parts of Europe and Africa where the phenomenon will be better specified.

sun eclipse March 20

And in this one, I removed the video (in English) by Michael Zeil, can be seen in more detail how it will affect Spain.

eclipse Spain

Who will be left without seeing it?

The answer to this question is easy. Just take a look at the map of the previous question to find that there will be neither in America nor in Antarctica or in Oceania. Europe is the only continent from which can be seen in full, ie, no corner to run out enjoying the phenomenon to a greater or lesser extent. Meanwhile, in Asia and Africa may also be envisaged if only in a few areas: the north of the first and second west.

What will I notice if I walk down the street in Spain?

Well, not exactly. Do not darken everything as if it were the end of the world, will be somewhat progressive. "If I was a total eclipse [as if it will be in the Faroe and the Svalbard islands] certainly be noticed;. But in this case will be more gradual it reduce light relative to the brightness of the day, but nothing more," explains Tafalla . Something like if I had a passing cloud and the light quality is tornase different.

Can I look directly?

Absolutely not. "Looking at the Sun is always dangerous. The problem with eclipses is that people tend to do things they should not," says Mario Tafalla. "Never look at the sun directly, or with the naked eye or with sunglasses", says the astronomer.

Nor should use cameras or video to view through them or binoculars or telescopes that do not have appropriate filters as these, to amplify the image, can cause more serious damage and in less time.

What if I do?

Watching the sun without protection can cause major irreversible damage to the cornea and retinal burns. According alert Planetarium Madrid, direct sunlight produces a blind spot at the site of damage and can even cause permanent blindness. "During a partial eclipse the sun never completely covered by the Moon and therefore look no safe and adequate protection can damage the eyes, as would happen on any given day when no eclipse" recalls the National Astronomical Observatory.

How I can see it?

Ver imagen en Twitter
To ensure safe observation there are two options: using eclipse glasses or filters equipped with optical glass telescope, metallized Mylar or black polymer type. Eclipse glasses are special glasses accredited with a saddle made of cardboard and some filters (according to European standards, polyethylene terephthalate, and an opacity index 5 or higher) to eliminate harmful solar radiation.

In places like Madrid Planetarium will be organized observations that are going to distribute these glasses and attendees will have telescopes equipped with appropriate filters.

If I do not have glasses or filters, there is another method to see it?
Ver imagen en Twitter
It can be observed indirectly, watching projected onto some type of image smooth surface. These methods are based on the Pinhole effect (pinhole), a principle by which light passing through a small hole projecting the image on a backplane, as in a camera obscura. For example, you can use a card that shades the ground and open small hole to see how the light spot on the pavement varies.

See picture on Twitter

It is recommended that the hole is very small and the place where the image is projected is at a distance. You can also use a slotted spoon, a biscuit with holes or a grater.

See picture on Twitter
A final option is to see it through internet. On the Web Mission Eclipse may follow a retransmission of the total eclipse of the Faroe Islands.

Where do I get glasses or filters? And how I have to order them?

The material they are made is polyethylene terephthalate. In the US and UK is marketed under the Mylar and Melinex names, so it is usual to find this reference in stores.

If you are looking eclipse glasses are already made, there are some lenses that the market for 3 euros or can also be purchased on some websites. Another option is to buy the material and making homemade Mylar filters following instructions.

Are they worth the old films or CDs?

No. Under no circumstances must look to the Sun eclipse or not is through x-rays, CDs or DVDs, negative veiled, foil, tinted glass, welding goggles, sunglasses ... None of these methods filters harmful solar radiation, or do so in a very low factor.

How eclipse glasses used?

As normal glasses; with them on the retina will not be damaged if you look directly at the sun. The Madrid Planetarium recommended rest your eyes about 30 or 40 seconds per minute observation. "Do not walk while use, preferably remain seated" advises meanwhile the NAO. "They should not be used with optical instruments, although they may overlap with commonly used prescription glasses," said the agency.

If I miss it, when will it be repeated a phenomenon well?

It will not be soon, solar eclipses do not happen every year. In fact, for the next will have to wait until August 12, 2026. Yes, it will be a total eclipse and be much more spectacular.

What we do have are lunar eclipses. This year you can enjoy one: will happen next September 28 and will be observable during the late hours of the night. It can be seen from anywhere in Spain, with the only condition that the Moon is above the horizon, and will look something like this.

Moon eclipse
eclipse luna



Cómo y dónde ver el eclipse solar del 20 de marzo de 2015